In these areas tunneling can cause ground settlement endangering buildings and other structures on the surface as well as the people working inside the tunnel.
Pipe roofing in tunnels.
Some adventurers may open manholes from above with crowbars or specialized manhole opening hooks.
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Pipe roofing is one of the umbrella arch methods where steel and or fiberglass pipes are installed around the tunnel periphery with an angle around 5 10 from the horizon.
The installation of the support utilizes the area around the crown and sides of the tunnel wall.
As with roofs explorers bypass locks to enter mechanical rooms and the connected tunnels.
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Tunnel access points tend to be in locked mechanical rooms where steam pipes and other utilities enter a building and through manholes.
Pipe roof is one of the tunnel support system used during a shallow tunnel construction.